“Individuals with Chronic Conditions Are More Affected”

Assoc. Prof. Neşe Kıskaç emphasized that elderly individuals, children, and those with chronic illnesses are in a high-risk group during the summer season, listing the most affected conditions as follows: “Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (such as asthma and COPD), kidney diseases, hypertension, and certain neurological disorders may worsen during this period.”

She stated that the body’s natural responses to heat can have more severe consequences in individuals with chronic conditions. In particular, the loss of fluids and minerals through sweating can negatively impact heart rhythm, blood pressure, and kidney functions.

“Dehydration Strains the Heart and Kidneys”

Assoc. Prof. Kıskaç noted that high temperatures cause blood vessels to dilate, which can lead to risky outcomes in some individuals: “Dehydration due to excessive sweating can result in low blood pressure, thickened blood, and impaired kidney function. This condition can trigger serious health problems such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure.”

She emphasized that for heart patients, the circulatory system is under extra strain in hot weather, forcing the heart to work harder, which may lead to heart failure or angina attacks. Additionally, fluid loss may increase the risk of stroke by promoting blood clotting.

Referring to scientific studies, Assoc. Prof. Kıskaç stated that there is a 2% to 10% increase in hospitalizations due to heart failure during hot periods, and cardiovascular-related deaths increase by 3% to 12%.

Diabetes Patients Require Extra Sensitivity

Another group negatively affected by high temperatures is individuals with diabetes. Assoc. Prof. Kıskaç explained that heat can disrupt blood sugar balance in diabetics, with fluid loss raising blood sugar levels and reducing insulin effectiveness. “This increases the risk of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. It is crucial for insulin users to store their medications in a cool environment,” she added.

Individuals with diabetic neuropathy may not feel burns caused by contact with hot surfaces, which can lead to infections—another significant risk.

People with Respiratory Issues Should Be Mindful of Air Quality

Summer can pose a threat to individuals with COPD and asthma due to increased heat and air pollution. Assoc. Prof. Kıskaç explained that rising levels of ozone and particulate matter in hot weather can trigger respiratory attacks. She recommended that such individuals stay indoors on days with poor air quality and spend time in air-conditioned, filtered environments whenever possible.

Fluid Balance Is Vital for Hypertension and Kidney Patients

For those with hypertension, Assoc. Prof. Kıskaç noted that heat may cause blood pressure to drop, whereas excessive fluid loss may lead to sudden spikes in blood pressure. She also highlighted that diuretic medications can further disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance in hot weather, increasing the risk of fainting, arrhythmias, and strokes.

She warned that kidney patients should also be cautious in the summer months, especially those on fluid restriction, who may struggle to maintain balance. Excessive sweating may lead to acute kidney injury, while too much fluid intake may cause heart failure or edema.

Precautionary Measures for Individuals with Chronic Illnesses in Summer

Assoc. Prof. Kıskaç warned that certain common practices might be dangerous for patients: “Drinking extremely cold water suddenly may disrupt heart rhythm. Sudden cold showers may cause blood pressure fluctuations. Moving abruptly from hot to air-conditioned environments may trigger respiratory issues. Medication dosages should only be adjusted under medical supervision.”

Key precautions recommended for individuals with chronic conditions during hot weather include:

• Avoid going outside between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.

• Ensure regular water intake.

• Wear light-colored, cotton clothing.

• Use hats and sunglasses.

• Spend time in cool environments; prefer air-conditioned public places if possible.

• Follow a light, fruit- and vegetable-based diet.

• Exercise during early morning or late evening hours.

• Store medications in a cool, sun-protected place.

Emphasizing that summer brings health risks that should not be underestimated, Assoc. Prof. Neşe Kıskaç stated that simple but effective precautions can help prevent these dangers, and that it is of vital importance for individuals and their families to act with awareness.