Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that becomes increasingly prevalent with age. It primarily affects individuals over the age of 65 and is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. In Türkiye, the disease affects approximately 0.3% of the population over the age of 15 and 2% of those aged 65 and above.
April 11 is observed globally as World Parkinson’s Day, in honor of English physician James Parkinson, who first described the disease in 1817. The day aims to raise awareness and promote understanding of the condition and its impacts.
The pathophysiology of Parkinson’s involves mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and misfolded protein accumulation, such as α-synuclein. Genetic mutations and environmental toxins are also known contributing factors. Recent studies have drawn attention to the role of gut microbiota and dietary patterns in the progression and management of the disease.
Nutrition plays a vital role in managing symptoms and supporting overall well-being in PD patients. Foods rich in L-Dopa precursors such as fava beans, avocados, and bananas, as well as tyrosine-rich sources like chicken, eggs, almonds, and pumpkin seeds, are recommended. Antioxidant-rich nutrients including vitamins C, E, B6, B9, B12, carotenoids, and coenzyme Q10 may help reduce oxidative stress. Probiotic and prebiotic foods such as yogurt, kefir, kimchi, garlic, onions, and bananas may benefit gut and immune health.
Limiting the intake of processed foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) is advised, as excess glutamate may lead to excitotoxicity in neurons and worsen neurodegeneration.
Physical activity is also a key component in Parkinson’s care. The American Physical Therapy Association’s 2021 clinical guideline recommends strength and balance-based exercises to improve postural control and enhance quality of life.
Equally important are comprehensive care models that go beyond diet and exercise to address the social and psychological needs of patients and caregivers. As Parkinson’s has widespread effects on individuals, families, and healthcare systems, public awareness and effective health policies are crucial.
World Parkinson’s Day events, such as seminars and awareness campaigns, aim to educate society on healthy aging, highlight the importance of early diagnosis, and offer support to patients and caregivers alike.
