“The free will of self-actualized individuals exceeds that of the average person” (Abraham Maslow).
Self is a concept often used synonymously with personality.
Personality: It is considered as the whole of physical, mental and spiritual characteristics that distinguish a person from others. In other words, all of the emotions, thoughts, attitudes and behaviors that make a person different from others with their objective (objective) and subjective (subjective) aspects are understood (Köknel, Ö. 1986, p:21 )
According to the distinctive feature approach; All Port personality defines “It is a function that determines the individual's special adaptation to his environment and is particularly adaptive. The distinctive feature of the personality expresses its individuality (Deniz, Engin, M. 2010, p:192 ).
Distinguishing feature is a personality dimension that classifies a person according to the extent to which a person displays a certain personality trait.
According to Cüceloğlu (1994), personality; It is a consistent and structured form of relationship that an individual establishes with his/her internal and external environment and distinguishes it from other individuals. According to another definition, “Personality is defined as the distinctive and decisive patterns of thought, emotion and behavior that define the way a person interacts with their physical and social environments” (Deniz, Engin, M. 2010, p: 181)
Self:It includes all the characteristics of a person. Theorists who focus on the self often state that the self is the essential aspect of an individual's personality and adds an integrative dimension to our understanding of different personality traits. (Santrock, W. John. 2021 p: 35 ; Harter, 2002; Rochat, 2013; Thompson, Winer & Goodvin, 2011 ) The self describes the organized integrity of emotions, attitudes and behaviors that make a person a person and distinguish them from others.
The self is the experience of identifying oneself as a separate individual. It is a need for positive reactions from people in order to protect their self-worth (Uluhan, Filiz, E. 2015).
The self is the part of the personality that consists of perception, memory, thinking and emotions. ( Bakırcıoğlu, R. 2002. p: 15 ) There are different aspects of the self. These can be expressed as self-concept (self-understanding) and self-perception (self-esteem).
Self-concept: It is a common product of hereditary and environmental factors that shape personality and form the infrastructure of personality. It performs tasks such as recognizing and adapting to the truth, perceiving the stimuli coming from the environment, selecting, hiding, remembering, thinking, evaluating concepts, finding a solution to the obstacles encountered, making plans for the future, and developing defense mechanisms.
( Aslan, E. 1994. S: 7 ) Self-concept includes self-image, self-perception, and self-esteem.
Self Image:It is the awareness of mental and physical characteristics. (Edi. Metin, Baysal, M. 20116; Demircioşğlu, H. p:182)
Self Perception: It is about how a person sees his/her own characteristics. ( Demircioğlu, H. 2016. S: 182)
Self-Esteem: It is how a person sees his/her own characteristics and is aware of his/her mental and physical characteristics and evaluates himself/herself. Self-image is what an individual is, and self-perception is what he or she aspires to be or presumes to be. (Demircioğlu, H. 2016 p: 182) Self-esteem is also the degree of perceiving oneself as talented, important, successful and valuable. Self-esteem (self-esteem) is essentially the respect one has for oneself.
Self-esteem can be explained by three main concepts with different and opposite institutional meanings. Self-acceptance, sense of competence and self-esteem ( Ergin, T. 1999. S: 4)
Briefly; “The self is the sum total of evaluations about the degree to which individuals possess various personality traits.” ( Ed. Metin, Baysal, N. 2016 )
Every answer we give to the question of who am I creates our self-concept. It is the organized whole of emotions, attitudes and behaviors that make a person a person and distinguish them from others. It is defined as a way of understanding and comprehending one's own self. The important thing in self-concept is that the person evaluates and sees himself correctly and realistically.
According to Harter, the self-concept is the set of values that define the individual himself. (Ed. Metin, Baysal, N. 2016. Demircioğlu, H. p: 182)
Self-esteem is the feeling of being competent and effective towards other people. The self, which is an individual's view and perception of himself, begins to develop from birth. This state of the child, which develops from infancy to adulthood, is the interaction of the individual with himself and his environment. While interacting with his immediate environment, mother, father, aunt, aunt, uncle, peer, school, the child accelerates his/her social and emotional development. In this sense, social and emotional development is often considered together with personality development and is seen as equivalent. (Ed. Metin, N. Baysal, N. 2016. Demircioğlu, H. p:1825 )
The first steps of self-concept start very early. The approaches and behaviors of important people in his life, especially the mother, father and caregiver, if any, play a fundamental role in self-development. ( Uluhan, F. S:2015 )
Self-esteem is a product of learned experience. A child's most valuable asset is their parents. It is closely related to the value they give to their children. More precisely, family attitudes are extremely influential in the child's personality and self-development. Overly critical approach to the child, autocratic, free, indifferent attitude, growing up with a stepmother, stepfather Number of siblings in the family, number of children, family relations, family economic status, occupation, parents' educational status, social and cultural environment, overprotective The family influences the child's personality and self-perception.
